Theme 3 - Existing features

On most farms there are some good habitats for wildlife and ELS options should be used to protect and enhance them. Here are just a few examples:

Hedgerows

A priority habitat, and most farmers will want to put these into the hedgerow management options EB1-3. This will ensure the best conservation regime. 

Streams and ditches

These often abut crops and may be subject to spray drift and fertilizer input. ELS will pay for ditch management (EB6 & EB7) but grass buffer strips (EE1-6) are ideal for protecting these habitats further. They can also be used to fulfil the LERAPS guidelines for pesticide use near water.

Farm ponds

A key habitat for waterfowl and waders.  ELS options EE7 & EE8 pay for the protection of farm ponds.

In-field trees

A characteristic of some landscapes and worthwhile protecting under options EC1 & EC2.

Barn owls

Old farm buildings are often used as nest sites by these birds. Set aside or wide grass buffer strips (EE1-6) can be used to create a tussocky grass habitat for field voles which are the principal food for barn owls and kestrels.

Woodland edges

Many animals, but particularly pheasants, and in the upland fringes, black grouse, like to live along woodland edges. Buffer strips (EE1-6) as well as option EC4 can be used to create soft edges to woodlands where trees fade into shrubs and rough vegetation. This is better for wildlife than a sharp transition from wood to pasture or crop.

Traditional meadows

The options for permanent grassland with low inputs (EK2) and very low inputs (EK3) offer support for keeping these areas in good condition.

If there are any Sites of Special Scientific Interest on the farm it would be sensible to consult English Nature on whether or not ELS options can be used to protect them.