Invertebrates (beetles & spiders).

Abstract

Three of the most abundant and widespread invertebrate groups in arable crops are the ground beetles (Carabidae), rove beetles (Staphylinidae) and spiders (Araneae), of the latter money spiders (Linyphiidae) are often the most abundant. These groups include many predatory species important as bio-control agents, and because they are also relatively easily sampled and identified are often the most frequently used bio-indicators in agro-ecosystem research. Many farming practices such as type and timing of soil cultivation, pesticide usage, crop type and rotation, all of which are components of integrated farming are known to affect these groups. By measuring the abundance and diversity of beetles and spiders (hereafter referred to as invertebrates), some indication may be gained of the environmental impact of a farming system. Furthermore, if integrated pest management is to be a component of integrated farming, it is essential that predatory invertebrates are encouraged to maximise pest control by natural enemies.